The history of Dnepropetrovsk

The area, which is a modern Dnipropetrovsk, inhabited by man since the Paleolithic era. Periodic waves of conquerors destroy it - the last time in the XIII century during the Mongol invasion. Region became populated again after becoming the Zaporizhzhya Sich in XVI century: it began to occur Cossack smoking, farms, villages and towns.

In 1775, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were finally eliminated, and his lands were divided between the Azov and Novorossiysk province. In 1776, by decree of Catherine II founded the provincial center of Azov province, called Ekaterinoslav. Initially, the new provincial city was founded on the river where it flows Kilchen to Samara. However, the city has existed here for long because of the geographical location of failure in the swamp and frequent floods. January 22, 1784 issued a decree on the basis of the second Ekaterinoslav on the Dnieper River, which the original plan was to be the "third capital of the Russian Empire." Officially, the city was founded during the visit of Catherine II, which is 9 (20) May 1787 laid the first stone in the construction of the Cathedral of the Transfiguration. However, the location of the center (on the hill), a new city, again was not very successful, there were difficulties with the water supply, so the city center began to shift to the west, in the valley, to the Dnieper, housed the Cossack settlement boards, known since 1743. Already in the 1790s, the Cossack settlement was absorbed Ekaterinoslav. Now here - Centre for Contemporary Dnipropetrovsk. Despite the grand plans and enthusiasm governor edge Potemkin to turn Yekaterinoslav third capital of the Russian Empire, after his death and the death of Catherine II, and because of lack of funds in the treasury, the city's development stalled. From large enterprises were built only cloth manufacture, established in 1794. By the end of XVIII century, the city had 11 stone buildings, including the palace of Potemkin, and 185 wooden houses and a population of about 6 thousand people. Ekaterinoslav coat with official description. 1811 In 1796, by decree of the new Emperor Paul LOTS city was renamed in Novorossiysk, but in 1802 the city was returned to its old name. In 1820 Ekaterinoslav briefly exiled Pushkin - in memory of this event ekaterinoslavtsy later erected a monument to the poet, who is now on the avenue, also named in honor of Alexander. In the XIX century, the city's population has continued to increase slowly in 1853 amounted to more than 13 thousand people in 1862, the town had 315 stone houses, wooden 3060, and in addition cloth factory, operated various small factory - iron foundry, brick, candle, soap, salotopnye and leather.

LOTS card. 1890s. In 1873, on the left bank of the Kharkov through Sinelnikovo to lower Dnieper railway line was laid, and in 11 years the Dnieper bridge was built and opened in the station on the right bank Ekaterinoslav. Catherine railway linked crafts Donbass coal with iron ore Krivbass that gave a powerful impetus to the development of the provincial city and the region as a whole. With the active participation of French and German capital in and around the city, a number of major steel plants that work now. Locomotive depot Ekaterinoslav was the largest in the southern Russian Empire. LOTS. Prospect. 1910s. The population of the city, mainly due to the migrants has increased dramatically: in 1865 the city's population 22.8 thousand people, in 1897 - more than 121 thousand people. Russian majority (42%), Jews (35%) and Ukrainians (16%). LOTS has become one of the largest industrial centers of the Russian Empire. In the same year in Yekaterinoslav launched electric tram - the third in the Russian Empire, after Kiev and Nizhni Novgorod. In the city, a number of public, educational and cultural institutions. At the beginning of XX century the city continued to grow rapidly, development of industry, trade, growth of population, which by 1910 had doubled and amounted to 252.5 thousand. In 1914 began the construction of a second rail bridge over the Dnieper (finished in 1932). LOTS. Post office. In 1918, when Hetman Skoropadsky opened the city's first university. During the Civil War, the city more than once the scene of fighting - in October 1919, was captured by troops Makhno, and on November 25 - the power in the city passed to the parts of the White armies of Denikin. In December 1919, in Ekaterinoslav finally established Soviet power. In 1926 the town was renamed and began to wear the current name - Dnepropetrovsk, in honor of party and state leader GI Petrovsky During the first five years the city has revived and developed further. However, the June 22, 1941 the war with Nazi Germany, and more than 25 August 1941, after a fierce defense, was occupied by German units. Dnepropetrovsk later became the center of one of the six districts Reichskommissariat Ukraine. October 25, 1943 under the onslaught of the Red Army, the German troops left the city. After World War II Dnepropetrovsk was rebuilt and again became one of the most important industrial centers of the Soviet Union - now here came the biggest enterprise space industry - Southern Machine-Building Plant. The city developed. There were new businesses, housing (sleeping) arrays on the outskirts. By the end of 1970 the population of Dnipropetrovsk over 1 million inhabitants (including the adherence of neighboring towns and Igren Pridneprovskaya) and it was decided to build a subway. However, due to the crisis that emerged in the late 1980's, the city's development stalled, and the population began to decline.